Of mice and men dramatically conveys to us the vital importance of dreams in helping us to deal Essay Example for Free

Of mice and men dramatically conveys to us the vital importance of dreams in helping us to deal Essay Of mice and men dramatically conveys to us the vital importance of dreams in helping us to deal; with the often difficult realities of our lives. In this novella by John Steinbeck, some characters had dreams to get them out of difficult realities, their dreams helped them to combat the loneliness and hopelessness of there existence. George Milton and Lenny Small, two poor homeless migrant workers who belonged nowhere and to know one were doomed to a life of wandering and toil, in which they will neve be able to reap the fruits of there labour. The one thing that that kept them strong through this repetitive and useless life was a dream. Someday were gonna get the jack together and were gonna have a little house and a couple of acres an a cow and some pigs (George- pg 14). It was a dream that was shared by every American worker, to have a place of their own, the opportunity to work for themselves and know one to give them orders. For Lenny the dream was very much real, it helped him to cope with the boredom that he faced and he always went to sleep happy thinking about tending the rabbits. For George on the other hand, the dream was at first like a fairytale he told Lenny to bring a smile upon his face and the promise of tending the rabbits helped him to stay out of trouble but all the while he was very optimistic about the dream and felt that there was no way it would become a reality. Georges first views towards the dream were soon changed when Candy found out about what they were planning, he offers financial help and suddenly a new view is seen of the dream. This unexpected offer by Candy means that the dream is no longer a fantasy and finally all the pain and suffering might have payed off for George, Lenny and Candy but the threat to the fulfilment of this dream is ever present in Lennys behaviour and in the end its Lennys uncontrollable actions which finally destroy dream. The dream is constantly changing, at first it was just a story told by George to cheer up Lenny, then in the middle it seemed like it would come true and finally in the end it was apparent that everyones dreams were shattered with Lenny as the only exception, because he dies happy with the picture of the dream in his head. Candy wishes to share in the dream with George and Lenny because he is becoming old and useless like his dog, he has nowhere to go to and now one to care about him and unlike his dog theyre not going to take him out and shoot him, instead there going to put him in an old folks home where he will feel lonely and have no freedom. By joining Lenny and George he can live out his days happy and free, forever safe knowing he wont be canned. Once Candy realises that the dream is more or less a reality he stands up for what he believes in with dignity and courage, something he didnt do before he realised the dream was within reach. Candy realises that he doesnt have to be the useless old cripple anymore because he can live the rest of his life happy, without being told what to do. Candys dream ended in a pessimistic way because all he wanted got destroyed leaving him with nothing and hence left in the same way he was before the dream- old, useless and hanging onto his job by a thread. Crooks dream was to be respected and not judged by his colour, he too wanted to live on the ranch with Candy, George and Lenny. Crooks is an example of the bitterness, anger and hopelessness that a black American struggling to be recognised as a human being is faced with. At first Crooks was most cynical about the dream of owning a ranch but the dream was powerful enough to convince him that it was the real thing for a few moments only to be shattered by Curleys wife who made it clear that there is no way a black, crippled outcast such as himself would ever make such a dream a reality. That statement that Curlys wife made, made Crooks realise that he was nothing more than an outcast and what she said was in a way true, with that all the hopes and dreams of Crooks were crushed. Like Crooks, Curleys wife is stricken with isolation and sadness. She was out of place on the ranch and because of that she was a really lonesome person with lonesome feelings and hence was often desperate for someone to talk to. Throughout the novel Curleys wife stirred up many emotions among the workers of the ranch, such as the way she looked and acted lead other characters in the novel to see her as a tart. Curlys wife indulged in a dream which had already passed her by, leaving her with a life of empty hope. Like many young women, she aspired to stardom in films after being wrongly told that she was a natural. At first she seemed cold hearted and set herself to make trouble but then it became apparent that she was just lonely adn wanted someone to talk to and as Curley was not interested in hearing about her hopes or dreams, the only person she found willing to listen to was Lenny.

Obama and Bush in the Iraq war Essay Example for Free

Obama and Bush in the Iraq war Essay On April 11, 1991, the Gulf war ended with a cease fire that was negotiated between the United States and its allies and Iraq. A policy of containment was maintained by the United States and its allies towards Iraq. This policy encompassed various economic sanctions by the United Nations Security Council, the enforcement by the United States and United Kingdom of Iraqi no flying zones and inspections to prevent Iraq from developing chemical, biological and nuclear weapons. In October 1998, the United States official policy toward Iraq became regime change with the enactment of the Iraqi liberation act. The act provided for the transition of Iraq to a democracy following the withdrawal of United Nations weapons inspectors. This legislation however did not correspond with the terms that were set out in United Nations Security Council Resolution 687 which basically focused on weapons and weapons programs and made no mention of change of regime. The United States and the United Kingdom launched the Operation Desert Fox one month after the Iraq Liberation Act was passed. The rationale behind the campaign was to restrict the ability of Saddams government to produce chemical, biological and nuclear weapons. On the other hand, United States national security personnel hoped that the exercise would weaken Saddams grip on power. With the election of Bush as the United States president in 2000, the United States became actively inclined toward the policy of regime change in Iraq. The Republicans campaign became prior to the elections called for complete implementation of Iraq Liberation Act and the ousting of Saddam. The invasion of Iraq may have been planned since the inauguration with the first National security meeting discussing the invasion (Hamilton, 2004). However, there are also claims that the National Security Council discussions were a continuation of Clintons administrations foreign policy. However, little formal step was made by the Bushs administration toward invasion despite its stated interest in liberating Iraq until the September 11, 2001 attacks on the twin towers. The rationale behind the invasion of Iraq after the 9/11 attacks has been questioned as there was little to suggest that Saddam had any cooperation with Al Qaeda. Shortly after the attack, President Bush announced the new war on terrorism which was backed by the doctrine of preemptive military action. Why Bush Started the War The Bushs administration considered Saddam Hussein to be a major distraction and threat not only to American security but also to global peace. As such, the only way to guarantee the global stability and peace was by ousting Saddams regime. The administration believed that Saddam possessed weapons of mass destruction and thus rushed to conquer the country before they could fire any weapon. The administration also believed that Saddam was a major sponsor of terrorists and with the 9/11 attacks, the American people were thirsting for some form of action. The electorate of the United States was skillfully convinced that the best solution to the problem of terrorism was to get Saddam Hussein. As such, the main reason that was given by the Bushs administration as a justification for the invasion was the Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction. Other reasons were that Saddam supported terrorism and held the people of Iraq captive. Another primary motive which was however not stated with regard to the invasion of Iraq was the consolidation of oil resources in Iraq (Holtzman, 2006). A report which was commissioned before the September attacks by Dick Cheney indicated unambiguously identifies Iraq as the main destabilizing influence to the flow of oil to the international markets from the Middle East. The report also indicated that Saddam had expressed a willingness to threaten to employ the oil weapon and to use his own export program to influence and manipulate oil markets. Iraq was a destabilizing influence to global oil flow from the Middle East and therefore United States military intervention was inevitable (Moore, 2004). Within the American grand design for the world, oil plays a major role. The Middle East id the only place that is capable of satisfying the demand for oil as it contains the world’s largest reserves. An increase in the demand for oil was conceived by the Bush administration as inevitable, and Iraq was a stumbling block. The invasion was thus necessary for the United States to guarantee its energy needs. By securing a strategic position in the Gulf region through establishing a friendly and compliant government in Iraq, the United States will not only manage check the OPEC but also influence the conduct of other global powers. Why Obama is against the war According to Obama, Iraqs invasion without any clear rationale and without strong international support had the capacity to lead to instability not only in Iraq but also in the Middle East (Ambinder, 2007). The invasion, according to him, would fuel sectarian warfare. The Sunnis, having been empowered by Saddam, were likely to discover that they were the targets of Shia radicals who sought for revenge for the way that they were treated and power to control Iraqs future. Iraqs insurgency will thus be inspired, not only by the desire to kill the Americans but also by the ambition to be in power when the United States leaves. Obama also opposed the war because he envisioned a situation whereby the attacks would increase leading to the death of more American young people. The difference between Obama and Bush with regard to Iraqi war became clear in 2007. The year marked a critical turning point in the war in Iraq. It was during this period that Iraq sunk into a state of savage sectarian chaos with three thousand civilians dying every month. It was also during this period that the American people lost hope in the war and were thus prepared to bring the troops back to America. However, instead of letting the soldiers go back to America, a move that was favored by both Republicans and Democrats, Bush ordered a troop surge to ease the violence, suppress al Qaeda in Iraq and set the stage for political reconciliation. Obama had much to say concerning this issue, predicting that the surge would not be effective (Stone, 2009). Obama was not convinced that the twenty thousand additional troops would not solve the sectarian violence in Iraq. According to him, the effect will instead be reversed (Obama, 2002). This move, in his view, would not solve the long term political strife between the ethnic and religious groups in Iraq. Obama believed that strategic defense is a much more preferable approach to the entire war, an idea that many people seem to agree with. He opposed the war on the premise that the United states did not know how much it was going to cost, what the exit strategy would be and how the invasion itself will affect the relationship of the United States with the rest of the world. Again, he doubted the soundness of the American intelligence and held that capturing Bin Laden ought to have been the priority. Obama felt that because Al Qaeda had not been put to rest, it may act as distraction. Obama conceived of the invasion of Iraq unwise use of the military. According to him, the invasion brought more problems than solutions as more and more money was being used, more American soldiers were being killed and Al Qaeda had grown stronger. With regard to the reduction of the surge due to the deployment of more troops, Obama felt that it the reduction of violence was mainly as a result of the sacrifice by the soldiers. According to Obama, the Bush administrations judgment concerning the length of the war, the conception of America by the Iraqis as the liberator and the view that there was no history of violence between the Shiite and the Sunni were all wrong. Obama referred to the war in Iraq as a dangerous distraction. His view is that central front in the war on terror was never Iraq but the terrorist themselves. As such, his position is that the terrorists should be attacked directly. His new strategy has therefore been to directly fight Al Qaeda in Afghanistan and Pakistan. His first priority has been to end the war in Iraq as he had opposed it from the onset. With his position that the war in Iraq was unnecessary, Obama has made it his responsibility to redeploy the United States combat troops that propel Iraqi leaders toward a political solution, rebuild the military and refocus on Afghanistan and broader American security interests. His plan is to remove the combat brigades from Iraq by 2010 and to send additional combat brigades to Afghanistan. The worth of Iraqi war Assessing the worth of Iraq war requires that one reflects upon whatever would have happened in the Bush administration would have not gone to war in March 2003. There is no secret concerning the things that have gone wrong ever since the United States invaded Iraq but it cannot also be assumed that everything would have gone right if the United States had not invaded Iraq. It is a fact that there was a heavy casualty which does not go well with the American public. However, there is need to address what the alternative to war would have meant. Many people agree that Saddam was not the best leader. Other individuals like Madeleine Albright compared him to Hitler, a comparison that cannot be far from the truth in many respects. Saddam had contempt for human life, killing thousands of his own citizens beside threatening and butchering his neighbors. It may therefore be argued that removing such a man from power was worth some sacrifice. A more intriguing question is however whether the failure of the United States to go to war with Iraq in 2003 would have produced a lasting peace or would have postponed war. It may be said that Saddam would have pushed toward confrontation and war regardless of what might have been done. He brutally and patiently pushed his way to power in Iraq after which he impatiently and brutally made himself the dominant figure in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf. In all these instances, he employed war and the threat of war as his principal tools. In short, Saddam was in every conceivable way a threat not only to his people but also to world peace. However, some individuals have argued that even though Saddam posed a threat to world peace and stability, he would have been contained through sanctions and no-fly zones which would have acted as deterrence (Hunt, 2008). This argument was advanced even before the war even with the belief that he had weapons of mass destruction. For the majority of Americans, the question of whether the war was worth fighting revolves around whether the weapons of mass destruction were recovered or not. However, the major issue is whether Saddam could have been contained. Even though the war in Iraq has remained unpopular, the Iraqi people can claim some success with regard to the introduction of democracy. With the help of the United States, the Iraqi people have been successful in establishing the first Arab democracy. This is a major achievement with regard to the war on terror and for the purpose of liberty. The different ethnic and religious groups can now work together in a national army. They have made important steps in repossessing their country from the insurgents that have invaded their homeland. The Iraqi troops are solely responsible for clearing the Basra and Sadr City. The oppressive regime of Saddam Hussein was ousted. Conclusion The main difference between Obama and Bush on Iraq war lies in the objective of the invasion. The bushs administration saw it as a war against terrorism while Obama felt that there were better ways of fighting terrorism rather than invading Iraq. A sensible argument for the invasion was not that Saddam was about to attack anyone with a nuclear bomb. It was that the preservation of containment would nit have been indefinite and that Saddam was defying the international community repeatedly and that this defiance seemed to both the Clinton and Bush administration to be succeeding gradually. It may therefore be argued that if the Bush administration would have not gone to war then the United States would have faced a more daring and dangerous Saddam Hussein. References Ambinder, M. (2007, April 21). Obama’s Iraq evolution. National Journal, 39(16), 79-80. Retrieved on March 29, 2009 from EBSCO host database. Hamilton, W. (2004, April 17). Bush began to plan war three months after 9/11. The Washington Post, p. A01. Holtzman, E. (2006). The impeachment of George W. Bush; A handbook for concerned citizens, New York: Nation Books. Hunt, T. (2008. March 18). Bush: Iraq war worth it. The Huffington Post, Moore, J. (2004). Bushs war for reelection: Iraq, the White House, and the people. John Wiley Obama, B. (2002, October). Barrack Obama’s 2002 speech against the Iraq war. Retrieved on April 23, 2009, Responsibly ending the war in Iraq. (n. d. ). The White House. Stone, M. (2009, May 9). Bush 2007 v. Obama 2009? The Global Buzz. Retrieved on March 29, 2009,

Analysis of Twycross Zoo organisation

Analysis of Twycross Zoo organisation Twycross Zoo is located in the village of Twycross in Leicestershire. Most of the population are within an hour of Twycross Zoo, approx 9 million. History of the zoo: The Zoo was founded in 1962 by Molly Badham and Nathalie Evans. Molly Badham, who kept animals from a young age, owned a pet shop in her home town, along with Nathalie Evans who also had a pet shop in the same time. The two women went on to share a flat along with two chimpanzees. Their collections of animals grew, and they went on to buy a large plot of land with stables, farm buildings etc. Molly Badham then went on to become an expert in the care of primates in captivity, and now the zoo has grown to have one of the largest numbers of primates. Molly and Nathalie set up a charity called the East midlands zoological society and the animal collection and zoo premises were donated to them in 1962. Size of organisation: The zoo attracts around 500,000 visitors a year. The zoo employs around 120 full time staff, and also employee seasonal staff for more help around the seasonal times. Nature of the work done: The zoos main aim is a sanctuary for the animals that they keep there. Also, conservation, education and research that is done within the zoo. The zoo does a lot of things for the animals. They do captive breeding. The captive breeding programme At Twycross zoo there are many animals that are threatened with extinction. The main reason for extinction is usually because of the human population, and zoos and organisations who try to help these animals have been working together for years to try prevent animals from going extinct and making organisations, helping zoos and captive breeding centres etc to make sure that these animals dont go extinct by doing things such as the captive breeding programme, they also need to keep the zoo population. There are many species of land vertebrates that will soon need to be cared for by humans if they are not able to breed well in the wild. By working with other organisations and captive breeding centres etc they can help to breed animals quicker than if they were in the wild or troubled areas etc. An example of this is the Amur Leopard that they have bought to Twycross zoo to breed the animal and make sure that it doesnt go extinct. The zoo also does research at the zoo for animals. The zoo has a strong research department and support many projects every year. The zoo promotes research, especially if it benefits animal welfare and the conservation at the zoo. Most of the researchers that Twycross zoo recruit are studying the animals that the zoo have because they have the largest collection of primate species of any zoo in the world, apart from countries like Japan. The zoo research behaviour, nutrition etc to help and look after the animals at the zoo to the best that they can, finding new ways to give the animals the nutrition that they need and new ways to make sure that the behaviour of the animals is good, and if it isnt finding new ways to make sure the animals are happy and well looked after. Also, the methods of feeding the animals and the food that they feed them are very closely researched as every animal has a carefully regulated diet and this needs to be obtained. The zoo also contributes to campaigns; this is a good thing to do for them because it shows that the zoo is interested in things that are happening and things that are related to the zoo. They also maintain animal welfare and this is very important for the animals because the research done for animal welfare is focusing on the body, the heart rate etc to examine how the animal is coping with its environment and food etc. The zoo focuses on enrichment for the animals also. The reason the zoo do enrichment is to make sure that the animals are happy and occupied with the things that the zoo provide for them to play with and do etc. They do this for many reasons, such as to make sure animals perform natural behaviours, animals are more active, animals have more control over their lives, and environment is more interesting to animals and public and to avoid development of stereotypical behaviour. They keep there eye on the animals daily and write down the notes on the animals for each day. Twycross zoo has a professional education department. They teach the public that visit the zoo all of the things that they would like to know about the zoo. They also teach schools and universities. They do this by giving group talks and answering individual questions asked by the public that visit the zoo. When a school or university visits the zoo, they can arrange a talk with a member of staff at the zoo and they tell you everything about the zoo that you need to know. The areas of science used in the organisation (biology, chemistry, physics) At Twycross zoo, there are different sections; the zoo is split up into different areas. This means that in all of the different sections, there are different parts of science that is used. Biology is used in the zoo because part of biology is the study of plants. There are plants and trees everywhere around the zoo. They need to understand the plants they put into enclosures incase it is harmful to any of the animals. Also, plants that the animals can eat need to be researched incase they harm the animal in any way. The zoo keepers would use this to make the enclosures and around the zoo look a bit better, also Zoology is one of the branches of biology that looks into the structure, function, behaviour, and evolution of animals. To learn about animal behaviour and how the animals behave and show if the animals are happy with their environment and are eating the correct food with the specific minerals, vitamins in etc. The animal keepers, vets, researchers and zoo owners are most likely to use this part of science. The zoo could also use biochemistry, for example the vet; if they have a sample to send to a laboratory this could be used. The zoo would also use building biology, as this is the study of indoor living environment they would need to use this bit of science to make sure that the building requirements for the enclosures are up to standard and suitable for each and every animal. The estates part of the employees would use this part of science. The zoo would use conservation biology a lot around the zoo because it is the study of restoration of the natural environment, wildlife, vegetation, preservation and protection. These are some of the main aims of the zoo, making sure that they are being environmentally friendly and finding new ways to restore the natural environment. Conservationist at the zoo would defiantly use this part of science, so would the zoo keepers and the maintenance employees too. Ethology is the study of animal behavior; this is used a lot in zoos because they study the animals behavior to make sure that they are happy with the environment and their enclosure etc. They also study the animals behavior to make sure that they are healthy and being looked after well. The zoo also use chemistry, this is another use of science used in the zoo. They use chemistry to understand what medicines to give to the animals. Also, the use of cleaning fluids needs to be researched and studied to make sure that it wont affect the animals at all and can clean it properly also. Also, cooking in the cafes and restaurants need to use chemistry with cooking also, to make sure that it is cooked properly and the correct temperatures and ingredients. Physics is used a lot around the zoo because there are a lot of buildings and enclosures, so the physics has to be good and up to standards to make sure that it is suitable and safe for the animals, visitors and employees to work, live and look in. Skills used by employees which are science related: At Twycross zoo there is a lot of science used in the organisation. In Administration science is used in: Personal decisions Business decisions Finance ICT Animal databases Records The skills and qualifications for these are: GCSEs Business administration Computer Science The director of administration is a vet. The animal team are very important in the zoo, they care for the animals. The science used is listed: Keeping animal records Feeding and cleaning Caring for animals (medication etc) Designing enclosures and enrichment The qualifications used are: Related degrees Animal management NVQ, GNVO Diploma, HND Veterinary health studies Experience Estates also use science in the zoo. They help to maintain that the zoo is up to standards and build new things to make the zoo a better place for the animals, workers and visitors. The jobs that done are: Gardening Building enclosures Maintenance Electrical The qualifications needed for this are: Trades Horticulture Education is a big part of the zoo, and the zoo do there best to make sure that visitors and workers etc are educated properly and understand the history, reason etc of the zoo. The jobs to do with education are: Teaching Campaigns Signage and Interpretation Outreach Research The qualifications needed for this are: GCSEs A Levels Relevant degrees Teaching Experience There are also other staffs that work at the zoo. These arent as important as the animal keepers etc. These include: Food and Beverage Gift shop workers Visitor services The qualifications are: GCSEs A Levels Experience Examples of a range of jobs used in the organisation and the roles and responsibilities of those employees, you should also identify any scientific qualifications required for the jobs / how science is used Job Role Responsibilities Qualifications needed How science is used Education Officer An education officer supports the education department, provides high standard services for groups of students and children visiting the zoo. Preparation of talks for groups of students. Delivering talks Keeping education buildings tidy Marketing the zoos education services Graduate in a zoo related subject Preferably PGCE qualified Experience in teaching Excellent presentation skills Science is used in this because you have to know all about the animals so you can teach people about them. Catering manager To ensure that the catering department delivers a cost effective service to the zoo. Motivate and manage staff Recruitment, training, development Maintain health, safety, hygiene Experience in budget setting and management Experienced in managing IT Literate Biology is used for cooking. Ranger Being a key member of the team offering each member of the public their first impression of the zoo. Communicating with the public and welcoming them. Working on a few areas of visitor services. Help with car parking, gift aid, pay booth, information centre. -Litter picking, cleaning etc. Good customer care skills, polite, friendly, helpful. Punctual Qualifications arent essential. Science isnt really that important in this job, but you will need to know about the animals if the visitors ask anything. Animal keeper (Grade 1) To assist with the animal keeping on their section, so that it is carried out to the standards on a day-to-day basis. Animals: -Prepare and distribute food and water correctly. -Know the animals, check, observe them. Enclosures: -Keep to standards of hygiene, cleanness. -Maintain security Staff: Assist with training Know the animals dietary requirements Follows the zoos health and safety instructions Had training and experience Science is used because you need to know everything about the animals, what they eat and understand and identify their behaviour etc. Gardener Maintenance operative To assist in the upkeep and planting of the zoos grounds and displays. Also, assist with the general maintenance. -Mowing lawns -Digging ground -Planting -General maintenance of grounds display Driving transport -Physically fit, active Work experience as a labourer or gardener Science isnt really used with this job. Vet To help the zoo with the everyday care of animals. Be on hand to assist anything that they are needed for. Treat the animals when needed. Always on hand to help when there is a problem Care and look after the animals to make sure they are healthy. If they need treating to treat them in the correct way. Vaccinations etc. -Biology A Level, as well as one or two from Physics, Chemistry and Maths. Grades at A Level, two As and a B, or, in some cases, three As Alternatively, a distinction in BTEC Diploma in Animal Science. -Biology Example of how changing scientific ideas affect the processes used within the company. When scientific things are changed that are to do with the zoo, the zoo have to adapt to the changes and make sure that they are up to date with all of the latest ideas and changes within science, like better equipment and materials etc. Things have to change in the zoo when scientific ideas change. The ethics of the zoo has changed along the years as there are more scientific ideas being founded, from exhibition to now it is education and conservation. The enclosure designs also change with scientific ideas also. Before new materials were developed, the zoo enclosures were wired fences with not much to play with and not that great security, also it wasnt very nice for the animals as they felt like they were trapped in cages and visitors werent happy to see the animals in cages, so they had to change how they were designed with scientific ideas. Now there are thick glass walls around the animals enclosure, this is better for the animal because they dont feel as caged in and it is easier for visitors to view the animals and it is a more natural and earthly place for the animals to live in. They also have changed the materials in the zoos so that the animals are a lot safer with what they are living in and playing with etc. For example, the playground equipment that the gorillas have used to be unsafe and unsteady with the materials that were used before, and they may not even have had anything to play on because it was unsafe and the y didnt have the correct materials. Now, they have strong wood play equipment that is safe for the animal to sit and play on. There are a lot of changes of how the staffs work with day to day work due to the research that is done. They do different things to what they did before new research and scientific research was done. Also, the zoo is a lot more environmentally friendly than it used to be because of the world changing because of scientific things that are happening in the world, they join up with everyone else with recycling and re-using things. How ICT is used in the company: ICT is used in the zoo because they have to do some work with ICT and computers to understand their animals and keep records on them etc. The zoo has to keep records on every single animal to make sure that nothing goes wrong and they are not fed or gave medication twice for example. They have to keep animal records on everything about the animal and what they eat, how they need to be given it. Also, with the active breeding programme they have to make sure that they put into records about the animals breeding. The zoo do this because if anything went wrong with the zoo or there are new staff being employed, and if the zoo goes under new management etc they have under records everything about the animals and what is going on with them, this is to make sure that they have proof of what they are doing and have done. They also have staff records at the zoo to see the record on staff, so that other staff and managers etc can see what is going on and the comments or qualifications etc are up to standards and that they are doing their job properly and they dont have any records on the CRB. The zoo also does the pay roll using ICT. This is easier so they have all of the pay rolls and records on the computer and dont get confused with them. Also, it is easier to print off and get all of the pay rolls right for every staff worker. The zoo also uses ICT for pay rolls are that it is easy to update and change. The zoo has partnership with many other zoos in the world, so they used ICT to communicate with other zoos for research, help or to do with the animals. This is easier, and much cheaper to keep in contact with them over the internet, emails etc than phone calling abroad into other countries which will cost a lot more. Also, the zoo has a website so they need to keep that up to date and running. Rules and regulations that the company has to adhere to: Twycross zoo has several rules and regulations that they have to stick to and go along with. Every company has rules and regulations that they must stick to and keep in line with the law, if they dont they are breaking the law and could in fact have their company shut down. There is a lot of rules and regulations for Twycross zoo as they have to stick to them strictly to make sure that the animals are as safe as they can be in their home, and also that the visitors and staff are safe. The zoo has to stick to the rules and regulations of the The Provision of Services Regulations. There are lots of different parts to this that the zoo has to stick to, the part of the provision they have to stick to is called the Secretary of states standards of modern zoo practice. The provision of food and water regulation states that the food must be presented in an appropriate manner, it must be of nutritive value, good quantity and quality. That the animals must have fresh, clean drinking water and it must be available to them at all times. It also states that supplies of food and drink should be kept and prepared under hygienic conditions. The provision of a suitable environment states that the temperature, ventilation, lighting and noise levels in the enclosures must be suitable for an animal. That the animals in outdoor enclosures must be provided with shelter. Also, that the enclosures and barriers must be in good condition and not be any harm to animals, for example they must not have barriers where the animal could get out, or get hurt or stuck in it. Provision of animal health care states that the zoo has to do routine observation, which means that the animals should be checked at least twice a day by the person that is in charge of that section on that day, and that if they are any cause for concerned they need to be checked by a proper professional immediately. They also have to keep a daily record on that animal. It also states that they have to check the enclosures closely also. They must be a size and design and suitable for the animal to live in. Also, they must not put animals that dont get on or are not the same species into the same enclosure. Keepers must also check the plants and trees in the enclosures to make sure they cannot injure the animal in any way at all. Also, there must be a distance between the barriers and enclosures, and also a distance between the visitors in case of the spread of disease. The provision of opportunity to express most normal behaviour states that the animals should always be allowed the opportunity to express the behaviour that they would like to do and in any way that they would like to, which is suitable. The provision of protection from fear and distress states that animals must be handled and looked after by qualified and experienced staff, it must be done with care to make sure that the animals are protected. It also states that animals must under any circumstances be provoked for the benefit of the public. If the animal was to interact in a stressful way, they must not be approached or looked at closely. If the animal is pregnant with young children, they should be put in a quiet area to minimise stress. The secretary of states standards of modern zoo practice also covers a lot more things that are to do with the zoo. It covers transportation, so that the zoo has to ensure that when the animals are being transported they are always safe and looked after properly and not getting aggravated. It also ensures that the zoo has a lot of public safety and that they make sure they stick to the rules to keep everybody safe. Also, they have to ensure that staff has training and are fully qualified and experienced with doing what they are doing and ready for things that could happen. What are risk assessments? Who creates them and how are they used: A risk assessment is a careful examination of what in your company could cause harm to people or animals. They are used in all businesses and organisations and are there to predict and limit the hazards that could happen in your workplace or in Twycross zoos place the home of animals. With risk assessments you can see whether you have taken enough precautions and predictions to make sure that the company is trying its hardest to make sure staff, visitors and animals are protected the best that they can. All zoos and wildlife parks legally have to perform risk assessments. They are made by the selected persons that have been asked to make a risk assessment. For example, they could ask the zoo keeper to make one as they know the things that could go wrong and work with the animals, public, and other staff and also in the enclosures so they can predict what could happen. A higher member of staff could also make the risk assessments to what they think could go wrong, or the more predicta ble risk assessments that they know. 1011 Lost them, need doing again.  Ã…’ What kite marks are and what they represent: The Kitemark symbolises quality and safety to people and also businesses, it is a registered trademark of the British standards institution. It is a mark of excellent assurance and visible evidence that the product conforms to certain guidelines; also it shows that the product or business has gone through testing to make sure it is appropriate for the purpose. For the business or product in question to gain a kite mark they have to go through several stages of testing to make sure that the product or business is a 100% safe for the consumer or visitor to feel safe in using the product or attending the business. The Kitemark is trusted and recognised by more than 88% of the population and of those who recognised the Kitemark claimed that products with a Kitemark were 93% safer and 91% felt that it would be better quality and purpose. Around the zoo there are many products and places that will have the Kitemark symbol on it. For example, there should be a Kitemark on most of the glass windows you see around the zoo, or even on a fire extinguisher in the enclosures, or in the zoo shop it will have it on near enough ever souvenir that you can buy in there. Kitemarks are important to customers because they feel like they have trust in knowing that the product or place that they are buying or visiting has been tested and is of the highest safety and qualify that it can be. They have trust in the product or business because it is well known and they know that it takes work to have a Kitemark so the product or business must be safe enough. Impacts on the local community: The demands made on transport and communications systems: The zoo affects the local community, with people visiting the zoo daily the visitors and also the staff have to go through the local village to get to Twycross zoo. At peak season, there are many more visitors than other times of the year and this is going to cause more cars and coaches etc visiting the zoo. This could cause some hassle in the community as the roads arent big enough for big coaches and lots of traffic to go through and build up, so traffic problems on the way to the zoo can cause a major problem for the community. Also, with so much traffic going through the local village there is going to be a lot more pollution and noise than the community are used to. The zoo has made some changes so that they are putting less stress on the community. They have changed the entrance to get the traffic off the roads quicker and the majority queuing is on the campus of Twycross zoo. Waste management: Twycross zoo produce a lot of waste daily. They are trying their best to reduce their footprint as much as they can. They are reducing their contribution to waste landfill by recycling as much as they can, and also trying to reduce the waste that they produce with things that arent needed. For example, most of the paper that the zoo uses is shredded and used as animal bedding. This is a good idea because you are not wasting paper and re-using it with something that is essential to the animals. With the animal waste, the animals produce near enough 800 tonnes of poo a day! This means that they have a lot of poo to get rid of and they have to do it environmentally. They have invested in an in-vessel composting system. It works by putting the poo, shredded paper, straw, sawdust and garden waste into the machine, and it grinds the compost down and heats it up to 60 degrees. The reason for heating the compost is to get rid of all of the bacteria and germs. It generates sterilized compost in around 15 days. They are also doing their best to reduce the electricity that they need by using as many energy efficient products as they can. For example, using energy saving light bulbs. They are also reducing the effect they have on the water system by creating their own environmentally friendly water filtration system. Here is a flow chart that describes what the zoo does with their animal waste: Economy: Twycross zoo also helps the economy by providing jobs for people that need work and that is helping society by producing more jobs so that less people are unemployed. Also, that the shops around the zoo could benefit from Twycross zoo being in the village that is in because visitors could go into the local village and buy things from the shops which is more profit and customers for the shop. Community involvement: The zoo does a pretty good job of involving the community in what they do. They do this by holding events organised and held by the zoo itself to involve the community. Also, they do talks and educate the community in what they do at the zoo and everything that they would like to know to involve them a lot more. You can join the zoo as a member, this will give you certain advantages to the zoo for example you can get cheaper entry. Also, you can adopt an animal at the zoo. This can be a fun thing to do for children and involve the public in with the animals and the zoo. Energy consumption: The zoo tries their best to reduce the amount of energy that they consume. They do this by using energy efficient appliances such as energy efficient light bulbs and heating. They also have under floor heating and this saves energy because less heat is being wasted and also they are more efficient than radiators. Also, with the new buildings that are being built they make sure that they build them with more energy efficient things in their building. For example they put more insulation and under floor heating in the new buildings to try and save as much energy as they can. The zoo also now use glass in the enclosures instead of cages. This is a great way to keep heat and energy in as is keep more heat in than a cage.

Hemingway’s In Our Time (CRH) Essay -- Hemingway In Our Time Essays

Hemingway’s In Our Time (CRH) In Our Time was accepted with great critical acclaim upon its publication in 1924. Widely lauded and recognized as the work of a rising literary star, as Herschel Brickell said, â€Å"Mr. Hemingway’s book carries on its dust-covers the enthusiastic recommendations of nearly everybody,† and, â€Å"The men who praise In Our Time know good work when they see it.† It was both a continuation of certain literary trends that had begun to develop themselves as well as something possessed of itself, original, striking, and new. The work of Sherwood Anderson and others had begun to shift literary perspective toward the more dirty and real, but as Louis Kronenberger wrote of the book in the Saturday Review of Literature, â€Å"It has sound merit of a personal, non-derivative nature; it shows no important affinity with any other writer, and it represents the achievement of unique personal experience.† His style, from the overall presentation of the book to the ways in which he constructed phrases, thoughts, perspectives, were seen as fresh and interesting. The stories themselves were met with a kind of lingering uncertainty. â€Å"Of ‘stories’ in the commonly accepted sense of the word there are few,† Brickell wrote, â€Å"Most are psychological episodes, incidents, sketches.† Or as the New York Times Book Review put it, â€Å"Not so much short stories, as preludes to a mood.† His style was described as â€Å"an attempt to get at minds and souls and what goes on within.† Also as â€Å"oblique, inferential, suggestive rather than overt, explicit, explanatory.† And yet somehow, â€Å"Mr. Hemingway can pack a whole character into a phrase, an entire situation into a sentence or two.† ... .... Ashley later mentions, â€Å"In Our Time is admittedly a slight and fragmentary enterprise. It is, however, a promise, almost an assurance of richer and more important things to come.† And perhaps Time said it best, â€Å"Make no mistake, Ernest Hemingway is somebody; a new, honest, un-‘literary’ transcriber of life—a writer.† Bibliography Herschel Brickell. â€Å"Tales Galore by Writers From Lands Far and Near.† New York Evening Post Literary Review, October 17, 1925, p. 3. New York Times Book Review, October 18, 1925, p. 8. Paul Rosenfeld. â€Å"Tough Earth.† New Republic, 45 (November 25, 1925), 22-23. Schuyler Ashley. Kansas City Star, December 12, 1925, p. 6. Time, 7 (January18, 1926), 38. Louis Kronenberger. â€Å"A New Novelist.† Saturday Review of Literature, 2 (February 13, 1926), 555. www.davidgagne.net/hem/ www.hemingwaysociety.org/virthem.htm

Uña de Gato or Cat s Claw: Another Valuable Treasure from the Peruvian Rain Forest :: Botany

UÃ ±a de Gato or Cat' s Claw: Another Valuable Treasure from the Peruvian Rain Forest Cat's Claw, also commonly called UÃ ±a de Gato, is a breakthrough herbal medicine that is reported to be beneficial to the treatment of cancer, digestion disorders, Crohn's disease, arthritis, diabetes, chronic fatigue syndrome, bursitis, rheumatism, genital herpes and herpes zoster, allergies, ulcers, systemic candidiasis, pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS), along with numerous other bowl and intestinal disorders. It also is noted to have positive effect on immune system problems, including those infected with the HIV virus. This wonder drug seems to have surpassed the capabilities of other sought after natural medicinal products such as golden seal, astragalus, Siberian Ginseng, maitake, and shark cartilage. (Steinberg 1994) Cat's Claw is a woody vine that grows over 100 feet in length that is indigenous to the Amazon Rainforest and other tropical areas of South and Central America including Peru, Columbia, Ecuador, Guyana, Trinidad, Venezuela, Suriname, Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Panama. (www.raintree.com/catclaw.htm). Cat's Claw is from two closely related species. Uncaria tomentosa and Uncaria guianensis and both are used interchangeably by the locals. The difference between the two species is that U. tomentosa has smaller yellowish-white flowers and is found in elevations of 700 to 2500 meters while, U. guainensis has thorns that are more curved and reddish-orange flowers and is found at lower elevations. (Moss 1995 and www.rain-tree.com/catclaw.htm). According to legend, Cat's Claw was discovered by a despaired Peruvian hunter who was having difficulty getting game for his family. Then one day, he observed a jaguar that was clawing at a vine and also drinking the water that was seeping from it. Immediately after the jaguar finished drinking, he made a successful kill. The hunter decided to follow the lead of the jaguar and drank some of the water from the vine. Immediately, the hunter felt rejuvenated. The next day, the hunter woke up full of newfound strength. He finally made a successful hunting excursion and was able to bring home much needed food for his family. In the mid 1960's, an European teacher, Arturo Brell, and U.S. professor Eugene Whitworth, were the first to document the tribal uses of this plant. They also took plant samples and performed some screening for the active components (www.rain-tree.com/catclaw.htm). However, they did not market their discovery. Shortly afterwards, Cat's claw was rediscovered by Claus Keplinger, an Austrian scientist of Innsbruck University. (Moss 1995)

Social and Legal Definitions of Slavery Narrative of the Life of Freder

Mr. Covey seemed now to think he had me, and could do what he pleased; but at this moment -- from whence came the spirit I don't know -- I resolved to fight; and, suiting my action to the resolution, I seized Covey hard by the throat; and as I did so, I rose. (Douglass 112, chapt. 10) In Chapter 10 of Frederick Douglass' Narrative of the Life of... an American Slave, Douglass describes an important incident in which he forces backward the standard master-slave hierarchy of beating privileges against his temporary master, Mr. Covey. The victory proves for Douglass a remarkable source of renewed yearning for freedom and of self-confidence; as he "rose" physically, standing up to fight, he "rose" in spirit. Covey did not "have" Douglass in the sense of either fighting or ownership, and could not "do what he pleased." The description of the internal and external results of the fight displays a clear degree of signification in order to convey to the reader the highly personal nature of the triumph--signifying being described by Roger D. Abrahams as a "technique of indirect argument or persuasion" and "a language of implication" (Gates 54). Douglass explains, "He only can understand the deep satisfaction which I experienced, who has himself repelled by force the bloody arm of slavery" (113, chapt. 10). The overt statement describes a unique feeling arisen from relatively unique circumstances; but the implication tacked on to the statement might be phrased as: "Such a one is most probably not you, the reader." What is the use of constructing this implied distance between the narrator and the reader? The fact that Douglass has taken up writing as an articulate method of communication seems in many ways to indicate an adoption of the... ...had passed forever when I could be a slave in fact" (113, chapt. 10). This victory, combined with the achievement of literacy and other factors, such as the will to escape and attempt to teach others, point to a sense of inner, "factual" freedom which develops while Douglass is still a slave according to the law and in the public eye. Just as the Narrative is a personal story set within a framework of social relevance, the striving for freedom is personal before it is physical and external. In spirit and sense of self Douglass becomes free while still a slave, even if that freedom makes his more tangible bonds all the more painful. Because he fought for this freedom long before being ranked among free Northerners, Douglass maintains, in his narrative for the white abolitionist movement, an inner independence of social and legal definitions of slavery and freedom.

Consumer Behavior and Purchase Decision Making Process

Consumer behavior and purchase decision making process Every day we need to make a decissions – buy or not to buy anything. There are many things which helps us to make decissions like location, mood, advertisments and other. Consumer behavior is the mental and emotional processes and physical activities people engage in when they select, purchase, use, and dispose of products or services to satisfy particular needs and desires. A consumer goes through several stages before purchasing a product or service: 1. need; 2. information gathering/search; 3. evaluation of alternatives; . purchase of product/service; 5. post purchase evaluation. In my opinion, in this process there are two main steps – information gathering and evaluation of alternatives. These steps help to understand how much you need the product and how good it is. The buying process starts with comming needs. A need can be activated through internal or external stimuli. A need can also be aroused by an exter nal stimulus such as sight of a new thing in a shop while purchasing other things. Need is the most important factor which leads to buying of products and services.Need infact is the catalyst which triggers the buying decision of individuals. After need arousal, the consumer tries to solve it and gathers the sources and information about the product. Depending upon the intensity of need, it produces two states of individual. The first state is called heightened attention when the consumer becomes more receptive to the information regarding the item he needs. If a consumer needs to purchase a refrigerator, he will pay mere attention to fridge ads and the remarks made by friends and associates about fridges.If need is more intense, the individual enters a state of active information search and he tries to collect more information about the product, its key attributes, qualities of various brands and about the outlets where they are available. There are a lot of consumer information so urces like family, friends, advertisements, mass media, salesman. In my opinion, it is hard to arrange in the order wich one is the best source where get information about product. All these sources have pluses and minuses.If I prefer get information from family there is possibility that I do not get info about technical stuff. Or if I choose only salesman advice he can aggrandize about product advantages. That is why I recommend to take information as much as possible from every source. Having collected the information, the consumer clarify and evaluate the alternatives. There is, unfortunately no simple and single evaluation process used by all consumers or even by one consumer in all buying situations. Consumers can make choices based on their emotions and feelings.They elicit from memory their overall evaluations of products and choos the alternative for which they have the most positive feelings. One of the most current process of evaluation is to judge the product largely on a conscious and rational basis. Various considerations form the part of judgment such as product attributes, importance, weights, brand image, utility function for each attribute, and attitude and other. After evaluation of various alternatives, he takes the decision to buy or not to buy.Ofcourse, people can make choice on the spur of the moment, often without prior problem recognition. But I recommend going through all theese five steps focusing on information gathering and evaluation of alternatives. And always remember that the best impression about product you can get only after you try it. Izmantota literatura: http://www. managementstudyguide. com/consumer-decision-making-process. htm http://uwmktg301. blogspot. com/2010/01/evaluation-of-alternatives. html http://www. slideshare. net/Annie05/consumer-buying-behavior-and-decision-making-presentation